Because of poverty, he couldn't attend school.

Literal

Poverty [because-of-のため] he [topic-は] school [to-に] couldn't-commute.

のため marks a neutral cause. 通える is the potential form of 通う ('to commute/attend regularly'), so 通えなかった means 'was unable to attend.' A straightforward cause-and-effect sentence demonstrating のため for objective reasons.