This example is a past progressive sentence. When you learned the progressive, how were you taught?
Literal
Example-sentence [topic-は] past-progressive [possessive-の] sentence [copula-です]. Everyone [topic-は] progressive [object-を] study [when-するとき], how taught-[passive-教わりましたか]?
過去進行形 'past progressive' — standard terminology. 教わる is the receiving-end verb 'to be taught' (not passive of 教える but a distinct verb meaning 'to learn from a teacher'). The question engages the reader directly — a pedagogical rhetorical question.