。
She was scolded for being late.
Literal
She [topic-は] lateness [object-を] did [because-ために] was-scolded.
~ために here is causal ('because of'), not purposive. 遅刻をした ('was late / committed lateness') treats tardiness as an action. しかられた is the passive of しかる ('to scold') — she received the scolding. This adversative passive is natural in Japanese for expressing being on the receiving end of a negative action.