She read a vast amount of books and cultivated her mind.

Literal

She [topic-は] large-quantity [genitive-の] books [object-を] read-and spirit [object-を] cultivated.

陶冶 ('cultivation, training, refinement of character') is a literary, weighty word — its first kanji 陶 is 'pottery,' the second 冶 'metallurgy,' and the metaphor is 'shaping a person as one shapes ceramics or metal.' 精神を陶冶する is the standard collocation for 'cultivate one's mind/character.' Using this in conversation would be jarringly elevated; this kind of phrasing belongs in essays, speeches, or memoirs.