She fought bravely despite being a woman.

Literal

She [topic-は] woman [despite being-ながらも] bravely fought.

~ながらも is the concessive form of ながら, meaning "even though" or "despite being." Distinct from the more common simultaneous-action ながら ("while doing"), this use attaches to nouns and adjective stems to mark a contradiction: she's a woman, yet she fought bravely. The も intensifies the concessive force. The underlying assumption — that bravery in battle is unexpected from a woman — reflects a traditional gender expectation.