She fainted, but a few minutes later she regained consciousness.

Literal

She [topic-は] consciousness [object-を] lost [but-が], several-minutes after [at-に] consciousness [object-を] took-back.

意識を取り戻す ('to regain consciousness') uses 意識, the more clinical word for 'consciousness' or 'awareness.' 取り戻す is a compound — 取る ('take') + 戻す ('return') — that productively pairs with abstract things one tries to recover: 信頼を取り戻す ('regain trust'), 自信を取り戻す ('regain confidence'), 元気を取り戻す ('get one's spirit back'). The choice between 正気に戻る and 意識を取り戻す is mostly a register swap: 正気 is more colloquial and figurative, 意識 leans clinical and is preferred in medical writing.