。
She played a high note on the piano.
Literal
She [topic-は] piano [with-で] high note [object-を] put-out.
音を出す ('produce a sound, let out a sound') uses 出す ('put out, emit') as a transitive verb of producing or releasing — useful across sound, light, smoke, and even effort. で here marks the piano as the means or instrument by which the sound is produced, the standard 'with X, by means of X' use. 高い音 ('high note') uses 高い ('high, expensive') in its pitch sense; the same word covers spatial height, cost, and audio frequency.