She was in a fix because she'd lost her passport.

Literal

She [topic-は] passport [object-を] lost-and was-troubled.

The te-form 無くして here functions causally — 'because she lost.' This is one of the te-form's productive uses alongside sequencing ('and then') and manner ('in a manner of'). 困る ('to be troubled, be at a loss') describes a state of being stuck or distressed by a problem; the past progressive 困っていた conveys her ongoing predicament. 無くす ('to lose, mislay') is the casual everyday verb for losing items — its formal counterpart 紛失する appears in news reports, lost-and-found notices, and bureaucratic contexts.