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What is political science? From the word 'seiji' (politics), most people probably first think of the political incidents making headlines in the media.

Literal

Political-science [definition-topic-とは] what [question-か]. 'Seiji' [from-から], people [topic-は], first, journalism [object-を] liven-up political incidents [object-を] associate-to [polite-suppositional-でしょう].

Academic/textbook register. ~とは何か is the canonical 'what is X?' definitional question frame used to introduce a topic in lectures or writings. Writing セイジ ('politics') in katakana is a meta-linguistic move — it signals the speaker is discussing the word itself, not the concept. 連想する 'to associate, to be reminded of.' ジャーナリズムを賑わす 'to liven up journalism' is a stock phrase for 'to dominate the headlines, to be much talked about.'