。
What kind of current events show up on the civil-service exam?
Literal
What-kind current-events [subj-が] civil-servant exam [at-で] be-asked [nominalizer-のか].
どういった is a formal interrogative adjective 'what kind of' — equivalent in meaning to どんな but slightly more formal. 時事 'current affairs / current events' is a compact sinitic noun. 出題される is the passive of 出題する 'to pose (a question on an exam),' standard in exam-related vocabulary. 公務員試験 is a compound for the civil-service exam.