School busing and affirmative action were among the most controversial topics.
Literal
Bus-commuting [and-と] affirmative-action [etc-など] [subject-が] controversy [possessive-の] many topics were.
積極的差別是正措置 (せっきょくてきさべつぜせいそち) is the formal Japanese term for 'affirmative action' — a dense compound: 積極的 (positive) + 差別 (discrimination) + 是正 (correction) + 措置 (measure). Very culture-specific American policy vocabulary rendered in Japanese.