労(ろう)働(どう)者(しゃ) roudoushaたち tachiは wa腰(こし) koshiまで made裸(はだか) hadakaだった datta。 The workers were stripped to the waist. Literal Workers [topic-は] waist [until-まで] naked were. 腰まで裸 ('naked to the waist') describes manual laborers working shirtless. まで marks the extent: 'up to the waist.' A physical description of hard labor. work
労(ろう)働(どう)者(しゃ) roudoushaたち tachiは wa腰(こし) koshiまで made裸(はだか) hadakaだった datta。 The workers were stripped to the waist. Literal Workers [topic-は] waist [until-まで] naked were. 腰まで裸 ('naked to the waist') describes manual laborers working shirtless. まで marks the extent: 'up to the waist.' A physical description of hard labor. work