Toil and worry ended up ruining his health.

Literal

Toil [and-と] worry [by-で] his health [topic-は] harmed become [result-ことになった].

労苦と心配 ('toil and worry') as twin causes. そこなわれる ('to be harmed, impaired') is the passive of そこなう. ~ことになった ('it came about that') marks an outcome that resulted from circumstances.