The train just left.

Literal

Train [topic-は] just-now left [just-right-ところ] [copula-だ].

Adds an explicit 今 ('now') to the 'just left' framing. 出たところ carries the 'just now did' meaning of the ~たところだ pattern, where ところ functions as a temporal nominal pinning the action right at the moment of completion.