This skull symbol was named after Captain Kidd, a world-famous pirate active in England in the latter half of the 17th century.
Literal
This skull-mark [topic-は] 17th-century latter-half [at-に] England [at-で] was-active world-famous pirate Captain Kidd [in-honor-of-にちなんで] was-attached.
~にちなんで means 'named after' or 'inspired by.' The relative clause 17世紀後半にイギリスで活動した世界的に有名な海賊 is a long modifier chain before キャプテン・キッド. つけられた is the passive of つける — the mark 'was given/attached.' 世界的に (globally) uses ~的に as an adverb.