While I was out, I got a call from someone named West.
Literal
Absence-during [time-に] West [quotative-という] person [from-から] phone [subject-が] was [emphasis-よ].
ウェストという人 (a person called West) uses という for identifying someone by name. 電話があった (there was a phone call) treats the call as something that existed. よ marks this as new information for the listener.