While I was out, I got a call from Mr. Tanaka.

Literal

Absence [possessive-の] during [time-に] Tanaka [from-から] phone [subject-が] was.

留守の間に uses 間に (during, with に for a specific point or event within the period). 田中さんから電話がありました — the phone call is treated as something that existed/occurred.