Though young, the child was brave.

Literal

Young [concessive-ながらも], that child [topic-は] was-brave.

~ながらも ('although X / while X') is a concessive connective meaning 'despite being X.' Attaches to i-adjective stems or verb masu-stems. 幼いながらも = 'despite being young.' 勇敢 ('brave / courageous') is a na-adjective.