、。
Prophets have foretold the end of the world for centuries.
Literal
Prophets [topic-は] many-centuries [even-も] [possessive-の] duration, this world [possessive-の] end [object-を] predict-continued-have-come.
何世紀も ('many centuries') uses the question word 何 ('how many') with も to mean 'as many as / many.' 予言し続けてくる = 予言する ('predict') + 続ける ('continue') + てくる ('continuing up to the present'). The compound stacks three grammatical elements to express 'have been continuously predicting up to now' — Japanese's compositional answer to English's perfect-progressive tense.