I sent something at the post office and they lost it because of their mistake.

Literal

Post-office [at-で] thing [object-を] send-[conditional-たら] post-office-of mistake-[by-で] that item [object-を] lose-[passive-された].

紛失する ('to lose, misplace') is a formal/written verb for losing things, more clinical than なくす ('to lose'). The passive 紛失された ('was lost') marks the speaker as the suffering party. Note the で here marks cause — 'due to the post office's mistake.' A formal complaint sentence.