Without an effective catalyst, improving that device is likely to be difficult.

Literal

Valid-[attributive-な] catalyst [subject-が] exist-not-[because-ので], that device [object-を] improve-[nominal-こと] [topic-は] difficult be-[plain-conjectural-あろう].

A formal scientific sentence. 触媒 ('catalyst') is chemistry vocabulary. 困難 ('difficulty, hardship') paired with であろう — the formal conjectural (the plain あろう form of ある, meaning 'probably is') — gives it the gravity of a research paper. Very written/academic register.