As far as the eye could see, there was nothing but sand.

Literal

Eye [subject-が] reach-[as-far-as-限り], sand [other-than-以外] [emphatic-の] no-thing [subject-が] was-not.

目が届く ('eyes reach') is a set phrase for 'as far as one can see.' ~限り attached to a verb means 'as long as / as far as X.' 以外 ('other than, besides') pairs with 何も...ない ('nothing at all') in a double-negative frame — '[nothing other than sand] was not there' = 'there was only sand.' The 物 after 何 is slightly redundant but emphatic: 'no thing whatsoever.'