I can't finish my term paper by tomorrow.

Literal

Tomorrow [by-までに], I [topic-は] term report [object-を] finish [nominalizer-こと] [topic-は] cannot.

学期末レポート ('end-of-term report') is a compound noun. 仕上げることはできない uses こと-nominalization + はできない ('cannot'). The は on こと adds emphasis — 'finishing it, that I cannot do.'