The light's on, so he must be home.

Literal

Light [subject-が] on-is [because-から] he [topic-は] house [at-に] exist [must-に違いない].

に違いない = 'must be, no doubt about it' — a strong assertion of probability based on evidence. Literally 'there is no differing.' Stronger than だろう or はずだ. Used when the speaker is certain based on reasoning.