。
The bookstore charged me ten dollars for the book.
Literal
Bookstore [topic-は] that book [attributive-の] payment [attributive-の] 10 dollars [object-を] me [to-に] charged.
Standard transactive sentence with a ditransitive verb. 請求する ('to demand payment, to bill') takes the thing charged as を-object and the person charged as に-target. ドル is a katakana loanword from English. Note how 代金の10ドル ('10 dollars of payment') uses の to attach the amount as an attributive specifier — a common way Japanese expresses 'X for the price of Y.'