Do you like me?

Literal

I [of-の] matter like?

A direct, emotionally weighty question. 僕のこと ('about me') uses のこと to mean 'about the matter of me' — required with 好き when the object is a person, because just 僕が好き could be ambiguous. The absence of any sentence-final particle (no か, no だ, just rising intonation) is how casual Japanese forms yes/no questions.