My shoes are bigger than yours.

Literal

I [of-の] shoes [topic-は] your [one] [than-より] big.

Bare comparison structure: [topic] は [standard] より [adjective], without the optional のほう that often appears in preference comparisons. 君の ('yours') uses noun ellipsis — the omitted noun (shoes) is recovered from context. A clean minimal frame for talking about size or quality differences.