What'd you do with my glasses? They were just here a second ago.
Literal
I [of-の] glasses [object-を] how did [question-の]. Just-now here [in-に] existed [but-のに].
どうしたの is a fixed expression meaning 'what did you do with/about [X]?' or 'what's wrong?' — here the former sense. たった今 ('just now, just a moment ago') is an emphatic 'just now.' The sentence trails off with のに ('despite the fact that'), leaving the lament implicit — 'they were here but...'