The guests all went home, one after another.

Literal

Guests [topic-は] all, next-from-next-to going-home-[went-ていった]

次から次へと is a stock adverbial idiom meaning 'one after another, in rapid succession' — literally 'from next to next'. The auxiliary ~ていく on 帰る marks the departures as moving away from the speaker's viewpoint over time.