My mother put 13 candles on my birthday cake.

Literal

Mother [topic-は] my birthday [possessive-の] cake [on-に] candles [object-を] thirteen-[counter-本] stood

ろうそくを13本立てた = 'stood up 13 candles.' 本 counts the candles (long/cylindrical objects). 立てる = to stand (something) up (transitive).