である (literary copula)

grammar

11 sentences

The literary/formal copula である (or its negative ~ではない / ~でない), used in essays, declarations, speeches, news, academic writing, and other formal text in place of plain だ or polite です. Carries an objective, declarative, weighty, buttoned-up tone. Conjugates regularly: であった (past), でない (negative), であり (continuative).

11 sentences

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