知っている (to know — resultative state)

grammar

30 sentences

The verb 知っている, 'to know' — the resultative ~ている state of 知る ('to come to know'). Grammatically 知る is a change-of-state verb, so the ongoing state of knowing requires 知っている, not just 知る. Bare 知る denotes the moment of acquiring knowledge, not the ongoing state. The negative is irregularly 知らない ('don't know'), NOT 知っていない (which is ungrammatical in standard Japanese).

30 sentences