では (contrastive)

grammar

16 sentences

The composite particle では (で+は) used for contrastive force — は marking explicit contrast between the で-marked scope and another (stated or implied) alternative: 'at X では [thing], (but at Y では [different thing]).' Foregrounds a setting, condition, or instrumental scope as the relevant context. E.g., 日本では春に桜が咲くが、ヨーロッパでは夏に咲く ('in Japan cherry blossoms bloom in spring, but in Europe they bloom in summer'); この方法では時間がかかるが、別の方法ならもっと速い ('with this method it takes a long time, but with a different method it'd be faster'). Distinct from topical では, where は simply marks the topic without an implied contrasting alternative.

16 sentences

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Love can't be held back by reason.

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In Hokkaido, they make straw horses.

、「」。

When asked about her work, she said, "My work is complicated, so I can't summarize it in a single word."

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She had a reputation as a beauty at school.

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At work she's known as 'auntie.'

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She doesn't speak Japanese at home.

、、｢｣、。

However, in China, the term 'human rights' is not used — the expression used is 'fundamental rights.'

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It snows a lot in Hokkaido.

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Winters are cold up north.

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She plays an important role in our organization.

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Next to her older sister, she looks short.

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She's better at music than anyone in the class.

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She doesn't give up over little things.

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That company demands a high level of specialized expertise.

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The train doesn't stop at that station.

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There's a meeting going on in the next room.

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